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糧食產品氣味—電子鼻(氣味分析系統)基于稻米等糧谷品質變化的研究應用
瀏覽次數:2744發布日期:2020-02-20

電子鼻(氣(qi)味(wei)分析系(xi)統)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)氣(qi)味(wei)分析儀器(qi),又(you)稱(cheng)人工(gong)嗅覺(jue)系(xi)統,是(shi)在(zai)材(cai)料(liao)科學(xue)和(he)傳感技術的基礎上發(fa)展(zhan)起來的,利用各種(zhong)(zhong)傳感器(qi)的仿生學(xue)技術,模仿人類嗅覺(jue)細胞的工(gong)作模式,實現對氣(qi)體、氣(qi)味(wei)的檢測。稻米(mi)等糧谷產(chan)品(pin)由于不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)地、不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)、不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生長(chang)環境、不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生長(chang)期(qi)、不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加工條件等多(duo)變(bian)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)下,整體(ti)(ti)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)味(wei)(wei)(wei)也會有所不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong),而電(dian)子鼻(bi)(氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)味(wei)(wei)(wei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong))的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)感器對(dui)(dui)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)味(wei)(wei)(wei)會表現出不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)響(xiang)應(ying)度,從(cong)而達到區分(fen)(fen)(fen)鑒別的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)。食(shi)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)味(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)食(shi)品(pin)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)因素,沒(mei)有人愿意買(mai)風(feng)味(wei)(wei)(wei)很差的(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)品(pin)。然(ran)而評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)食(shi)品(pin)風(feng)味(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一項很復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作,不(bu)僅需要(yao)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)風(feng)味(wei)(wei)(wei)本身,還需要(yao)看消(xiao)費(fei)者對(dui)(dui)這(zhe)種(zhong)風(feng)味(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接受程度。所以(yi)風(feng)味(wei)(wei)(wei)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)需要(yao)從(cong)感覺上、化(hua)學(xue)或(huo)物(wu)理等多(duo)方(fang)(fang)面來進行分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)。風(feng)味(wei)(wei)(wei)物(wu)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)活性成(cheng)份可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)相(xiang)色譜(pu)法(fa)(fa)和GC-MS測量(liang)得到。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)學(xue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)儀器是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)復制的(de)(de)(de)(de)。目前(qian)(qian)還沒(mei)有通用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa),用(yong)于揮(hui)發(fa)性風(feng)味(wei)(wei)(wei)物(wu)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)全色譜(pu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)。但已經(jing)建立了(le)一些(xie)分(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)技術,包括液(ye)體(ti)(ti)與(yu)液(ye)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li),液(ye)體(ti)(ti)與(yu)固(gu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li),固(gu)相(xiang)提取(qu),快速溶劑(ji)提取(qu),頂空(kong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi),空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)抽取(qu),直(zhi)接熱解吸法(fa)(fa)等等。這(zhe)些(xie)技術已經(jing)應(ying)用(yong)了(le)很多(duo)年(nian),但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)簡單樣品(pin)制備,甚(shen)至(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無需樣品(pin)制備的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)風(feng)味(wei)(wei)(wei),目前(qian)(qian)只有電(dian)子鼻(bi)(氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)味(wei)(wei)(wei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong))可(ke)以(yi)做到,或(huo)者是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)感官嗅聞。因此(ci)近幾年(nian)利用(yong)電(dian)子鼻(bi)(氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)味(wei)(wei)(wei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong))測試食(shi)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)味(wei)(wei)(wei)全面興(xing)起,給科研和產(chan)品(pin)研發(fa)帶了(le)了(le)便利。下面我們介紹電(dian)子鼻(bi)(氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)味(wei)(wei)(wei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong))的(de)(de)(de)(de)各方(fang)(fang)面應(ying)用(yong)。

電子鼻(氣味分析系(xi)統(tong))基于稻米(mi)不(bu)同成長期(qi)品(pin)質(zhi)變化的(de)研究應用

  

從(cong)上圖可以看出,主成(cheng)分1和(he)主成(cheng)分2的總貢獻率為97.7%,基本可以代表樣品的整體信息。10稻(dao)米(mi)樣(yang)品(pin)分布在圖(tu)(tu)中的不(bu)同區(qu)域內,相互(hu)之間沒有重疊;且(qie)DI值為97.5%,說明電(dian)子鼻的主成分分析法能(neng)將這(zhe)10個稻(dao)米(mi)樣(yang)品(pin)很好地區(qu)分開(kai)。在圖(tu)(tu)中,SIMCA法能將(jiang)帶(dai)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)稻米(mi)(mi)(mi)和(he)去(qu)(qu)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)稻米(mi)(mi)(mi)區分在(zai)(zai)兩個(ge)不(bu)同的(de)區域內,這也說明(ming)電子鼻能用于(yu)帶(dai)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)稻米(mi)(mi)(mi)和(he)去(qu)(qu)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)稻米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)區分辨(bian)別。在(zai)(zai)圖(tu)中,1號去(qu)(qu)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)樣(yang)品(pin)(pin)和(he)其他去(qu)(qu)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)樣(yang)品(pin)(pin)在(zai)(zai)圖(tu)中距離較遠,說明(ming)1號去(qu)(qu)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)樣(yang)品(pin)(pin)和(he)其他不(bu)帶(dai)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)樣(yang)品(pin)(pin)在(zai)(zai)氣味上可(ke)能存在(zai)(zai)較大的(de)差異(yi)性(xing)。總之,電子鼻既能將(jiang)帶(dai)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)稻米(mi)(mi)(mi)和(he)去(qu)(qu)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)稻米(mi)(mi)(mi)區分開,也能將(jiang)不(bu)同的(de)帶(dai)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)稻米(mi)(mi)(mi)和(he)不(bu)同的(de)去(qu)(qu)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)稻米(mi)(mi)(mi)很(hen)好地區分開。

10個稻(dao)(dao)米(mi)(mi)樣品(pin)分布在圖(tu)中的(de)不(bu)同(tong)區(qu)域(yu)內,相互之(zhi)間沒(mei)有重(zhong)疊(die),另外帶(dai)(dai)殼(ke)(ke)稻(dao)(dao)米(mi)(mi)和去殼(ke)(ke)稻(dao)(dao)米(mi)(mi)樣品(pin)分布在兩(liang)個不(bu)同(tong)區(qu)域(yu)內,說(shuo)明電(dian)子鼻的(de)判別函數分析法(fa)也既能將(jiang)帶(dai)(dai)殼(ke)(ke)稻(dao)(dao)米(mi)(mi)和去殼(ke)(ke)稻(dao)(dao)米(mi)(mi)區(qu)分開,也能將(jiang)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)帶(dai)(dai)殼(ke)(ke)稻(dao)(dao)米(mi)(mi)和不(bu)同(tong)的(de)去殼(ke)(ke)稻(dao)(dao)米(mi)(mi)很好地區(qu)分開。

本實驗將(jiang)已(yi)知(zhi)的去(qu)殼(ke)稻米(mi)樣(yang)品1、2、3、4、5、7、9、10作為標準樣(yang)品,將(jiang)已(yi)知(zhi)樣(yang)品1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10作為未知(zhi)樣(yang)品來判(pan)斷(duan)是否(fou)帶(dai)殼(ke),從圖4可以看出,只有6和8是帶(dai)殼(ke)稻米(mi),判(pan)斷(duan)結果與已(yi)知(zhi)結果100%吻合。

后,電子鼻(氣味分(fen)析系統)含有多(duo)元數理統(tong)計系統(tong)對象整體(ti)(ti)品(pin)質差(cha)異的區分(fen)檢驗(PCA)原產(chan)地保(bao)護產(chan)品(pin)以及(ji)品(pin)牌(pai)產(chan)品(pin)真偽辨識(shi)(SIMCA、PLS-DA)產品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)等級(ji)評(ping)定(DFA)樣(yang)品感官屬性以及(ji)理(li)化指標(biao)的快速反演(PLS)產品貨架時間的(de)評價(PCA、PLS);算法多樣:含有Euclidean Dis歐氏距(ju)離、CORRELATION相關系數、MAHALANOBIS馬(ma)氏距(ju)離、DP dis個體識別率、DI dis區分指數、Scores Dd得分值分離(li)度、Eigenvalue Dd特(te)征值分(fen)離度等算法(fa),可對(dui)糧食產品(pin)氣味,例如(ru)電子鼻(氣味分析系統(tong))基于稻(dao)米不同成長期品質(zhi)變(bian)化的研究(jiu)應用(yong),產生重要作用(yong)。

 

【關(guan)(guan)鍵詞】電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi) 仿生鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi) 氣(qi)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)儀(yi)(yi) 人工(gong)嗅覺系(xi)統(tong) 氣(qi)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan) 氣(qi)溫分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)系(xi)統(tong) 嗅辨儀(yi)(yi) 風(feng)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離 風(feng)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)感(gan)(gan)應(ying) 快速檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce) 真假辨別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie) 防偽 貨架(jia)期檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce) 揮發(fa)(fa)(fa)物質(zhi)(zhi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce) 好(hao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)氣(qi)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)儀(yi)(yi) 方(fang)便的(de)嗅覺系(xi)統(tong) 風(feng)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce) 氣(qi)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce) 氣(qi)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)識(shi)別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie) 氣(qi)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)辨別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie) 揮發(fa)(fa)(fa)性物質(zhi)(zhi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce) 揮發(fa)(fa)(fa)物分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi) 揮發(fa)(fa)(fa)物辨別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie) 氣(qi)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)掃(sao)(sao)描 風(feng)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)掃(sao)(sao)描 感(gan)(gan)官(guan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi) 感(gan)(gan)官(guan)辨別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie) 感(gan)(gan)官(guan)識(shi)別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie) 感(gan)(gan)官(guan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce) 儲藏(zang)期分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)儀(yi)(yi) 儲藏(zang)期預測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)儀(yi)(yi) 雞蛋(dan)新鮮檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce) 魚肉風(feng)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce) 飲料(liao)風(feng)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)聯用(yong)(yong)(yong) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)技術(shu)(shu) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試方(fang)法(fa) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)(li) 仿生鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce) 仿生鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試技術(shu)(shu) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)哪家(jia)好(hao) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)產(chan)品 風(feng)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)產(chan)品 氣(qi)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)產(chan)品 氣(qi)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)(qi) 氣(qi)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)設備 紅(hong)茶風(feng)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)識(shi)別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie) 茶等(deng)級(ji)(ji)劃分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen) 葡萄(tao)(tao)酒(jiu)揮發(fa)(fa)(fa)性物質(zhi)(zhi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce) 紅(hong)酒(jiu)氣(qi)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)識(shi)別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie) 紅(hong)酒(jiu)物質(zhi)(zhi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce) 產(chan)品區(qu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)設備 產(chan)品辨別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)(qi) 傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)識(shi)別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)風(feng)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)酒(jiu)齡判(pan)斷 葡萄(tao)(tao)酒(jiu)酒(jiu)齡區(qu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen) 糧(liang)食霉變測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試 糧(liang)食貯藏(zang)期監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce) 糧(liang)食蟲害監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce) 糧(liang)油測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試儀(yi)(yi) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)價格(ge) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)工(gong)作原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)(li) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)咽喉(hou)鏡 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)(li) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)技術(shu)(shu) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)圖(tu)(tu)片 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)客戶 哪家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)好(hao) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)說明 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)注(zhu)意事(shi)項 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)(li) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)過程 嗅覺模(mo)擬器(qi)(qi) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)購買(mai) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)廠家(jia) 進(jin)(jin)口電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)風(feng)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)研(yan)究 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)文章(zhang) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)研(yan)究領域 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)引(yin)進(jin)(jin) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)相關(guan)(guan)材料(liao) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)技術(shu)(shu)參數(shu)(shu)(shu) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)供(gong)應(ying)商(shang) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)銷(xiao)售(shou) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)舌 環境(jing)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce) 產(chan)品質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce) 氣(qi)敏(min)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi) 傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)陣(zhen)列 PCA分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi) LDA數(shu)(shu)(shu)據分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi) 雷(lei)達圖(tu)(tu) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)軟(ruan)件 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據處理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)作站(zhan) 先進(jin)(jin)的(de)設備 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)升(sheng)級(ji)(ji) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)軟(ruan)件升(sheng)級(ji)(ji) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)成果 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)安(an)裝 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)培(pei)訓 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)展覽(lan) 數(shu)(shu)(shu)據分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)系(xi)統(tong) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)文章(zhang) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鼻(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)怎么發(fa)(fa)(fa)文章(zhang)