隨著科學技(ji)(ji)術的(de)迅猛發展,現代的(de)物質(zhi)檢(jian)測(ce)技(ji)(ji)術不(bu)僅可以通(tong)過物質(zhi)的(de)形態、微觀構造、化學成分(fen)(fen)及蛋白質(zhi)DNA分(fen)(fen)子方面進行分(fen)(fen)析檢(jian)測(ce),而(er)且可以通(tong)過物質(zhi)的(de)揮發性氣(qi)體(ti)來推(tui)斷其內部質(zhi)量情況(kuang)。常見氣(qi)體(ti)檢(jian)測(ce)分(fen)(fen)析技(ji)(ji)術有電子鼻(e-nose)、氣(qi)相(xiang)(xiang)色(se)譜(pu)(pu)法(GC)、氣(qi)相(xiang)(xiang)色(se)譜(pu)(pu)-質(zhi)譜(pu)(pu)聯用(yong)法(GC-MS)、二維氣(qi)相(xiang)(xiang)色(se)譜(pu)(pu)法(GC×GC)、氣(qi)相(xiang)(xiang)色(se)譜(pu)(pu)-嗅覺質(zhi)譜(pu)(pu)法(GC-O-MS)、氣(qi)相(xiang)(xiang)色(se)譜(pu)(pu)-離子遷(qian)移譜(pu)(pu)(GC-IMS)等,氣(qi)體(ti)檢(jian)測(ce)技(ji)(ji)術已(yi)在環境與醫(yi)療等領(ling)域(yu)發揮重要作用(yong)。
GC-IMS作為(wei)氣體(ti)(ti)分(fen)離(li)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)之一(yi),具(ju)有(you)(you)節檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)時(shi)間(jian)短(duan)、測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試成(cheng)本低(di)、敏度高(gao)、精準度高(gao)、痕(hen)量識別氣體(ti)(ti)等優(you)勢。與GC-MS技(ji)術(shu)(shu)相比該技(ji)術(shu)(shu)無(wu)需真空要求(qiu),在常壓(ya)下(xia)即可測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試,降(jiang)低(di)了(le)(le)(le)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)成(cheng)本,該技(ji)術(shu)(shu)通過離(li)子漂(piao)移時(shi)間(jian)的(de)差異檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)揮(hui)(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)物(wu)質(zhi),可對低(di)濃(nong)度揮(hui)(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)痕(hen)量檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce),彌補(bu)了(le)(le)(le)GC-MS技(ji)術(shu)(shu)對小(xiao)相對分(fen)子質(zhi)量和低(di)含量揮(hui)(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)靈敏度較低(di)的(de)不(bu)足(zu)。其次(ci)該技(ji)術(shu)(shu)對樣品中的(de)揮(hui)(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)機物(wu)進(jin)行2次(ci)分(fen)離(li),與直接使用(yong)傳感(gan)器檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)混合揮(hui)(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)電子鼻(bi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)相比,更加(jia)充分(fen)分(fen)離(li)鑒定揮(hui)(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)成(cheng)分(fen),彌補(bu)了(le)(le)(le)其檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)模糊(hu)性(xing)(xing)的(de)缺點(dian),增(zeng)加(jia)了(le)(le)(le)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)精度。最后GC-IMS技(ji)術(shu)(shu)融合了(le)(le)(le)氣相色譜技(ji)術(shu)(shu)高(gao)效分(fen)離(li)與離(li)子遷移技(ji)術(shu)(shu)痕(hen)量檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)的(de)特(te)點(dian),能夠多層次(ci)捕捉揮(hui)(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)氣體(ti)(ti),并且在數據輸出方面具(ju)有(you)(you)可視化(hua)的(de)特(te)點(dian),可將檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)到(dao)的(de)揮(hui)(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)機成(cheng)分(fen)(VOCs)以三(san)維圖譜形式展現。目前該技(ji)術(shu)(shu)廣泛(fan)應用(yong)于食(shi)(shi)品、醫(yi)藥(yao)、環境、煙草、微生物(wu)、糧(liang)油(you)等領(ling)域,在食(shi)(shi)品與醫(yi)藥(yao)領(ling)域的(de)應用(yong)頻率較高(gao)。
中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)發(fa)展的基礎(chu),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的質量影響其臨床(chuang)療效,因(yin)此對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)進行質量監測(ce)及合理評(ping)(ping)(ping)價十分重要(yao)。由于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)具(ju)有特殊性和(he)復(fu)雜(za)性,其質量問題較為突出,常出現真假難分、產地難分、生(sheng)長期不(bu)足(zu)、加工損(sun)失等(deng)問題。在(zai)傳統中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)鑒別實踐(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),常使用(yong)眼觀(guan)(guan)、手摸、口嘗、鼻聞(wen)的方(fang)法(fa),氣(qi)味(wei)是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)質量的重要(yao)判斷指標之一(yi),如砂仁“氣(qi)芳(fang)香(xiang)而(er)濃(nong)烈,味(wei)辛涼、微苦(ku)"、安宮牛黃丸“氣(qi)芳(fang)香(xiang)濃(nong)郁,味(wei)微苦(ku)",因(yin)此通(tong)過氣(qi)味(wei)對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)質量評(ping)(ping)(ping)價有理可依。傳統實踐(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)僅依靠人的經驗評(ping)(ping)(ping)估藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材質量,具(ju)有主(zhu)觀(guan)(guan)性和(he)模糊(hu)性,GC-IMS技術可彌補經驗判斷的不(bu)足(zu),將中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)氣(qi)味(wei)數字化(hua),實現對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)氣(qi)味(wei)的客觀(guan)(guan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)估。