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葡萄酒的感官評價介(jie)紹

按照我國最新的葡萄酒標準規定，葡萄酒是以鮮葡萄或葡萄汁為原料，經全部或部分發酵釀制而成的，酒精度不低手7.0%的酒飲品。通常分紅葡萄酒和百葡萄酒兩種。葡萄酒的感官評價一般分為觀、聞和品這三個方面。品嘗葡萄酒就如品嘗人生一樣，時而讓人感覺青澀感十足，時而熱情活潑，時而成熟優雅，時而衰老頹廢，酒齡、品種、種植條件等因素多能導致葡萄酒感官不同。下面我們就用綜合運用食品感官鑒評方法對葡萄酒進行鑒評。

質(zhi)構儀(yi)具(ju)有功(gong)能強(qiang)大(da)、檢測(ce)精度高(gao)、性(xing)(xing)能穩定(ding)等(deng)特(te)點(dian)，是高(gao)校、科(ke)研院(yuan)所、食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)企業、質(zhi)檢機構實(shi)驗(yan)室(shi)等(deng)部門(men)研究食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)物性(xing)(xing)學有力的(de)分析工具(ju)。可應用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)肉制品(pin)(pin)(pin)、糧油食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)、面食(shi)(shi)(shi)、谷物、糖果、果蔬、凝膠、果醬(jiang)等(deng)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)物性(xing)(xing)學分析。質(zhi)構儀(yi)可以準確檢測(ce)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)樣品(pin)(pin)(pin)隨時間變化的(de)位置和(he)重量從而給(gei)出樣品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)物性(xing)(xing)特(te)征。力的(de)數據(ju)存數在(zai)表(biao)格(ge)里并且曲(qu)線(xian)顯示(shi)。儀(yi)器使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)軟件直觀(guan)簡(jian)單(dan)，可以對(dui)結果進(jin)行大(da)量的(de)分析。這款(kuan)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)簡(jian)便(bian)的(de)質(zhi)構儀(yi)可以用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)很多不同產品(pin)(pin)(pin)和(he)材料的(de)分析，確保了物性(xing)(xing)評(ping)價方(fang)式的(de)簡(jian)單(dan)有效。快速簡(jian)單(dan)地(di)評(ping)估產品(pin)(pin)(pin)物理(li)特(te)性(xing)(xing)，軟件簡(jian)單(dan)易懂，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)簡(jian)單(dan)，儀(yi)器安裝后(hou)可以直接(jie)操(cao)作使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，數據(ju)直接(jie)存貯到(dao)數據(ju)庫文(wen)件里，便(bian)于(yu)(yu)以后(hou)的(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，轉移到(dao)電子數據(ju)表(biao)里，比較和(he)分析。儀(yi)器堅實(shi)耐用(yong)(yong)(yong)，適合實(shi)驗(yan)室(shi)及生(sheng)產線(xian)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。軟件升(sheng)級(ji)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)flash方(fang)式升(sheng)級(ji).

電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)鼻是(shi)(shi)(shi)利用氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)陣列的(de)(de)(de)(de)響(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)圖案來識(shi)(shi)別(bie)氣(qi)(qi)味的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)系(xi)統(tong)，它可以在幾(ji)小時(shi)(shi)、幾(ji)天甚(shen)至數月(yue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間內連續(xu)地、實時(shi)(shi)地監(jian)測(ce)特(te)定位置的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)味狀況(kuang)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)鼻主要(yao)由氣(qi)(qi)味取樣(yang)操作器(qi)(qi)(qi)、氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)陣列和信(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)處理(li)系(xi)統(tong)三種(zhong)功能器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)組成。電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)鼻識(shi)(shi)別(bie)氣(qi)(qi)味的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)機理(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在陣列中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)每個(ge)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)對被(bei)測(ce)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)都有不(bu)(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)靈敏度，例如(ru)，一號(hao)(hao)(hao)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)可在某個(ge)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)上產生(sheng)高響(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)，而對其他傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)則是(shi)(shi)(shi)低響(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)，同樣(yang)，二號(hao)(hao)(hao)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)產生(sheng)高響(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)對一號(hao)(hao)(hao)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)則不(bu)(bu)(bu)敏感(gan)(gan)(gan)，歸(gui)根結(jie)底(di)，整個(ge)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)陣列對不(bu)(bu)(bu)同氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)響(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)圖案是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)，正是(shi)(shi)(shi)這種(zhong)區(qu)別(bie)，才使系(xi)統(tong)能根據傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)響(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)圖案來識(shi)(shi)別(bie)氣(qi)(qi)味。電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)鼻的(de)(de)(de)(de)核心(xin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)根據原(yuan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同，可以分為金屬(shu)氧(yang)(yang)化物(wu)型(xing)(xing)、電(dian)(dian)化學(xue)型(xing)(xing)、導電(dian)(dian)聚合物(wu)型(xing)(xing)、質(zhi)(zhi)量型(xing)(xing)、光離子(zi)(zi)化型(xing)(xing)等很多類型(xing)(xing)。應(ying)(ying)(ying)用廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)金屬(shu)氧(yang)(yang)化物(wu)型(xing)(xing)。電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)鼻的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用場合包括環境監(jian)測(ce)、產品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量檢測(ce)（如(ru)食品(pin)、煙草、發酵產品(pin)、香精香料等）、醫學(xue)診斷、爆炸物(wu)檢測(ce)等。

電(dian)子(zi)(zi)舌(she)(she)是(shi)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擬人的(de)(de)(de)(de)舌(she)(she)頭(tou)對(dui)待測(ce)(ce)(ce)樣品進(jin)行(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)、識(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)和(he)判(pan)斷(duan)，用(yong)多(duo)元(yuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)計方(fang)法(fa)(fa)對(dui)得到的(de)(de)(de)(de)數據進(jin)行(xing)(xing)處理，快速地反映出樣品整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)信息，實現對(dui)樣品的(de)(de)(de)(de)識(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)和(he)分(fen)(fen)類。是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)利用(yong)多(duo)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感陣(zhen)(zhen)列(lie)為基礎，感知樣品的(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)特征(zheng)(zheng)響應(ying)信號(hao)(hao)(hao)，對(dui)樣品進(jin)行(xing)(xing)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擬識(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)和(he)定(ding)(ding)量(liang)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)技術(shu)。主要由(you)味覺傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)陣(zhen)(zhen)列(lie)、信號(hao)(hao)(hao)采集(ji)(ji)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)3 部(bu)分(fen)(fen)組成(cheng)。電(dian)子(zi)(zi)舌(she)(she)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)利用(yong)低選擇性(xing)、非特異(yi)性(xing)、交互敏(min)感的(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感陣(zhen)(zhen)列(lie)為基礎，感測(ce)(ce)(ce)未知液(ye)(ye)體(ti)樣品的(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)特征(zheng)(zheng)響應(ying)信號(hao)(hao)(hao)，應(ying)用(yong)化學計量(liang)學方(fang)法(fa)(fa)，對(dui)樣品進(jin)行(xing)(xing)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)和(he)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)定(ding)(ding)量(liang)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)技術(shu)。電(dian)子(zi)(zi)舌(she)(she)主要由(you)味覺傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)陣(zhen)(zhen)列(lie)、信號(hao)(hao)(hao)采集(ji)(ji)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)3部(bu)分(fen)(fen)組成(cheng)；味覺傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)陣(zhen)(zhen)列(lie)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擬生物系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)舌(she)(she)頭(tou)，對(dui)不同(tong)“味道(dao)"的(de)(de)(de)(de)被測(ce)(ce)(ce)溶液(ye)(ye)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)感應(ying)，其主要由(you)味覺傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)陣(zhen)(zhen)列(lie)、信號(hao)(hao)(hao)采集(ji)(ji)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)3部(bu)分(fen)(fen)組成(cheng)；信號(hao)(hao)(hao)采集(ji)(ji)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擬神經感覺系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)采集(ji)(ji)，被激發的(de)(de)(de)(de)信號(hao)(hao)(hao)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞到電(dian)腦模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中；模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)即發揮生物系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中大腦的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)對(dui)信號(hao)(hao)(hao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)特征(zheng)(zheng)提取，建立模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型，并對(dui)不同(tong)被測(ce)(ce)(ce)溶液(ye)(ye)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)區分(fen)(fen)辨識(shi)(shi)(shi)。因此，電(dian)子(zi)(zi)舌(she)(she)也稱為智能味覺仿生系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，是(shi)一(yi)類新型的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)。